Hydrogen peroxide drilling tool



Ma h 23, 1954 P. G. CARPENTER HYDROGEN PEROXIDE DRILLING TOOL Filed Dec. 12, 1949 INVENTOR- ssa P.G. CARPENTER same 7 F/G. 6.

ATTORNEYS Patented Mar. 23, 1954 2,673,069 HYDROGEN PEROXIDE DRILLING TOOL Paul G. Carpenter, Bartlesville, Okla, assignor to Phillips of Delaware Petroleum Company,

a corporation Application December 12, 1949, Serial No. 132,533

8 Claims. 1

This invention relates to a well-drilling apparatus and method of operation. In one specific aspect, it relates to a.self-contained and unitary well-drilling apparatus. In another aspect, it relates to a well-drilling apparatus which is completely self-contained, including a source of driving power. 7

Well-drilling apparatus of the prior art is powered from the surface of the ground. In electrically operated well-drilling apparatus, the lead wires for carrying electricity to the apparatus must extend from the apparatus to the surface of the ground. In rotary drilling apparatus, tubing extends the entire distance from the drilling bit to the surface of the ground, and this entire length of tubing is rotated from an above ground source of power. Cable tools drills are suspended and operate from an above ground source of power. Drilling apparatus powered by flow of fluids must have provision for transmission of fluid from a compressor or pump at the surface to the drilling apparatus at the bottom of the well. Some apparatus also includes provision for the return of the fluid exhausted from the drill to the surface of the ground for either disposal or reuse.

I have devised an apparatu in which a fluid or fluids are stored, and this fluid, or fluids, operates a motor which in turn actuates the actual drilling bit. This entire apparatus is a relatively small and completely seli-sufiicient mechanism which may be lowered into the well by a cable. The drilling mechanism then operates to drill the Well in a manner entirely independent from any source of power extending to the surface of the ground.

An object of my invention is to provide a well drilling apparatus the operation of which is independent from surface equipment.

Another object of my invention is to provide a well drilling apparatus which contains its own driving fuel and motor.

Still another object of my invention is to provide a well drilling apparatus which is unitary and self-contained as regards motor and fuel for powering the motor.

Still other objects and advantages of my invention will be apparent upon reading the following disclosure, which taken with the attached drawing and claims, forms a part of this specification.

In the drawing, Figure 1 is a longitudinal view, partly in section and partly in elevation, of one embodiment of my well-drilling apparatus. Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view taken on the line 2 2-2 of Figure 1. Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view taken on the line 3-3 of Figure 1. Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view taken on the line 4-4 of Figure 1. Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of one piece of apparatus of Figure 1. Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of an assembly of apparatus parts illustrated in Figure 1.

Broadly speaking, my drilling apparatus consists of a drilling bit fastened to one end of a piston rod with a piston on the other end. A reservoir is provided for storing a supply of such a power liquid as hydrogen peroxide. Means is provided for admitting small quantities of hydrogen peroxidefrom its reservoir to an expansion cylinder. A quantity of catalyst adapted to decompose hydrogen peroxide into its component parts is provided on the piston head. Since the decomposition temperature of hydrogen peroxide is relatively high at the time of decomposition, the decomposition products are in the gaseous state and under the conditions of temperature and pressure existing in the cylinder, tremendous pressures are exerted against the head of the piston. This pressure then causes the piston to move and its movement is transmitted directly through the piston rod to the drill bit. Atthe point near the bottom of the stroke exhaust ports in the side wall of the cylinder are opened and the power fluid is expelled. The piston and drill bit are moved upward and at a point near the top of the stroke peroxide injection apparatus operates to inject a new charge of hydrogen peroxide into the decomposition chamber or cylinder. In this disclosure by the use of such a term as the piston and drill bit move upward the meaning intended is that the upward movement of the piston is with respect to its containing cylinder 58 regardless of whether it. is the piston or the cylinder which is doing the actual moving. Downward movement of the piston is also with respect to the cylinder 53. The length of time of continuous operation of this apparatus without recharging peroxide is, of course, dependent upon the size of the storage tank. In deep wells when time and energy are expended in raising apparatus out of or lowering apparatus into the well, my drilling apparatus may be provided with a relatively large peroxide supply tank. My ap-.- paratus may be used in drilling operations in which cable tool type of drilling may be used.

When hydrogen peroxide is decomposed into water vapor and oxygen, a tremendous amount of energy is released. Hydrogen peroxide may be decomposed in the presence of certain catalysts by admitting small amounts of hydrogen peroxide into a chamber in which is disposed a hydrogen peroxide decomposition catalyst. I am able to control the release of energy and adapt this energy to useful purposes. Such a catalyst as finely-divided silver and finely-divided platinum may be used. The release of energy can then be controlled by regulating the rate of flow of hydrogen peroxide tothe catalyst.

Referring now to the apparatus and specifically to Figure 1, the apparatus consists of a selfcontained source of power, a motor, and a drilling mechanism referred to in the figure by reference numeral A drill-raising and lowering mechanism it] includes a cable lot which extends from the top of the apparatus to the surface of the ground. An upper housing I2 is the side wall for chambers 20- and 2| while the lower housing 13 is the wall for the power cylinder 58.

The chamber 25 is a vessel in which is stored the supply of hydrogen peroxide fuel for the operation of the drill. Chamber 2| is a vessel in which any other fluid such as a hydrocarbon oil may be stored, in case a combustible fuel is used in conjunction with the hydrogen peroxide. A plate 13 is held firmly in place by some cap screws 1| and this plate serves as a partition separating chambers 25 from 2|. Threads 12 provide one means for construction and assembly of the top portion of my apparatus. The cylinder 58 is a decomposition chamber or cylinder in which the hydrogen peroxide decomposes to water vapor and oxygen. A piston I6 is provided in this chamber 58 for transforming the energy of the decomposing hydrogen peroxide into mechanical energy. To the bottom of this piston is attached a shaft or rod i and to the bottom end of which is attached a drill bit l4. On the top of the piston is provided a quantity of catalyst 54. This catalyst may be disposed directly on the surface of the piston, if desired, or it may be disposed on the surface of a supporting material 55. This corrugated support metal is provided so that the upper surface of the piston will not become overheated and also so that expansion or contraction due to temperature changes will not destroy this portion of the mechanism. When a charge of peroxide is decomposed, the force of the gases pushes the piston i5 downward and forces the drill bit It against the earth formation to be drilled. When the top surface of the piston 51 reaches the exhaust ports 5|, the water vapor and oxygen pass from Within the chamber and a spring i? then operates to raise the piston on its compression stroke. The apparatus is then inposition for another charge of peroxide to be admitted to the chamber. When the upper surface 51 of the piston |5 approaches the top of its stroke, a pin or push rod 4| is contacted, and this rod extends vertically to a small cylinder 40a. To the upper end of this rod and in the cylinder is attached a small piston 40. The small chamber in which is disposed the piston 40 is the peroxide feed chamber and through previous operation this chamber is full of hydrogen peroxide. When the piston 49 rises, some hydrogen peroxide is forced from this chamber and flows through a line 31, a line 41, and through a check valve-orifice member assembly 5|. This orifice member assembly 5| is illustrated'in detail in Figure 5 of the drawing; This member contains a small, more or less capillary, conduit 52 and some small holes 53. The holes 53 are for the accommodation of a wrench for screwing the member 5| into position at the bottom end of theconduit 41.

A check valve 35, 35 prevents 4 back flow of fluid. The check valve 35, 36 is hinged to the bottom of a plug 50 in such a manner that fluid can flow from line 38, 41 through capillary 52, but not in the reverse direction. In the top of the plug 50 are holes 49 for assembly of this plug. When the peroxide is forced by the piston 4|] through the orifice member 5|, the peroxide is squirted onto the surface of the catalyst 54 on the head of the piston. When the peroxide contacts the catalyst, decomposition into steam and gaseous oxygen is immediate and the pressure exerted by this decomposition is, of course, dependent upon the concentration of the peroxide solution and upon the amount of hydrogen peroxide liquid injected into the chamber 58. Since pressure is developed in the chamber 58, the piston |5 starts on its down- I ward stroke with the result that the drill bit I4 is forced downward against the earth formation at the bottom of the drill hole. At the bottom of the stroke of the piston, the gases of decomposition are vented through the ports 6| and when this pressure is vented, the spring l1 operates in conjunction with the weight of the apparatus body to-raise the piston again to contact the lower end of the push rod 4| and to introduce a new charge of peroxide into the decomposition chamber. The check valve 35 is intended to permit flow of peroxide from the tank 20 through conduits 31, 41, and through the orifice 5|. This check valve is further intended not to permit the flow of fluid backward through these conduits even at the pressure obtained within the chamber 58. At the bottom of the peroxide tank 25 is disposed a check valve assembly 3| which is illustrated on an enlarged scale in Figure 6. In this figure the check valve assembly is shown as a longitudinal section on an enlarged scale. In this assembly a check valve 35a is intended to permit flow of peroxide from the chamber 20 into the chamber 40a, containing piston it but is further intended not to permit the flow of peroxide from the chamber 40a into the reservoir 25. The top surface 51 of the piston pushes the push rod 4| and piston 40 upward to inject a charge of peroxide into the cylinder 58. A compression spring 39 is intended to push the piston 40 and its push rod 4 downward and during this downward movement, liquid peroxide is drawn from the chamber 20 into the cylinder 40a containing piston 48. A screen 33 is provided for preventing the passage of any solid material from chamber 20 into the check valve assembly 3|. In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 1, element 31 is a tube passing through chamber 2|, and this tube is attached by coupling assembly 45 to the conduit 41. This conduit 41 passes through a solid metal member 59.

This metal member 59 is relatively long in order to give weight to my drilling apparatus. Since the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide is accomplished by the evolution of large quantities of heat, the metal member 59 is provided with fins 22 for heat exchange purposes with the liquid contents of the well. The fins may be seen upon inspection of Figures 1, 3, and 4.

While my drilling apparatus is on the surface such an extent that the hole i9 in the shaft 5 is downward and outside of the bushing assembly 64. A small shear pin is inserted through the openin IS in such a manner that upon release of the drill bit M, the pin holds the piston at a point near the bottom of its stroke so that the top surface 57 of the piston will not touch the push rod 4| In this manner, hydrogen peroxid is not admitted to the chamber 58. The assembly is then ready for lowering into the drill hole. When the drill bit i4 touches the bottom of the hole, the weight of the apparatus shears the pin in hole i9 and permits the upward movement of the piston Hi. This upward movement of the piston I6 is caused by the operation of the compression spring l! with the weight of the apparatus and its liquid contents. This combined effect causes the surface 51 of the piston to push against the end of the push rod 4| which injects a charge of peroxide onto the surface of the catalyst 54. The apparatus is then in operation. The decomposing peroxide pushes the piston with its attached parts downward in such a manner that the drill bit I 4 strikes the formation in th bottom of the hole and as soon as the piston passes the exhaust ports 6|, pressure from the cylinder is released and the piston passes upwardly to inject a new charge of peroxide. This operation is repeated Very rapidly and the net result is a very vigorous pounding of the drill bit l4 against the rock formation.

In the embodiment of my invention as explained above, the drilling operation is powered only by the use of hydrogen peroxide and the chamber 2| and the injection apparatus extending from the floor of this chamber to the peroxide decomposition chamber may be omitted. However, when it is desired to supplement the efiect of the decomposing peroxide by the use of a combustible hydrocarbon, these apparatus parts just mentioned are used. Chamber 2| is a storage chamber for such a hydrocarbon oil as a kerosene distillate or gas-oil type of fuel. This oil is charged into the vessel 2| through opening 25. .After the charge of oil is added, plug 24 is inserted in its proper position to exclude all foreign materials.

A check valve plug assembly 32 is positioned in the floor of this chamber 2| in a manner similar to the positioning of the check valve plug assembly 3| in the floor of the chamber 2G. For the injection of hydrocarbon fuel, the downward movement of a piston 53 in cylinder 43a occasioned by a compressionspring 42 draws hydrocarbon through the check valve plug assembly 32 into the cylinder 43a. When the surface 5? of the piston |B pushes against the bottom of the push rod 44, the piston 43 rises to force a quantity of the oil through a check valve 36, conduit 38, through orifice 5|A into the chamber 58. The orifice member inserted into the outlet end of the conduit 38 is exactly like the orifice in the outlet end of the conduit 47, both orifices may be represented by Figure 5. The check valve 36 is intended to prevent the back flow of fluid through the conduit 38, while check valve in the assembly 32 is intended to prevent the flow of oil from the cylinder 43a into the storage chamber 2|. To prevent passage of foreign material from the chamber 2| into the check valve plug assembly 32, a screen 34 is provided, as illustrated. The check valves 35, 36 and 35A are hinged as shown.

Conduits 45 are provided, as shown, for the push rods 4| and 44. These conduits 45 are made sufiiciently large that the push rods may be moved easily and without hanging or sticking, and yet 6 not to permit leakage of any undesired material therethrough.

Since my drilling apparatus is usually submerged in water or other liquid in the bottom of the well, this liquid will be drawn in or expelled out through the exhaust ports 6| at such times when the piston I6 is above these ports. Radial members 62 in the bottom of the housing |3 are provided so that open spaces 63 between them will permit additional free flow of fluids into and out of the space beneath the piston.

The piston rod I5 may be attached to the underside of the piston in any manner desired, for example, by a weld |8.

In the operation of this apparatus when using hydrocarbon fuel in conjunction with the peroxide, the piston at the top of its stroke pushes push rods 4| and to inject a charge of hydrocarbon oil and a charge of peroxide simultaneously into the chamber 58. When the peroxide is sprayed against the catalyst, oxygen and water vapor are evolved at a relatively high temperature and under these conditions, the oxygen immediately combines with the hydrocarbon which burns with explosive force. Under these conditions, the piston is forced downward and the drill bit l4 performs its desired function. At the bottom end of the stroke, the piston passes the exhaust ports iii and combustion gases are vented. Then as the piston again rises and touches the push rods 4| and 4t, new charges of oil and peroxide are admitted.

When the apparatus is charged with a fresh charge of peroxide and a charge of oil before lowering into the well, the shear pin is inserted through hole I 9 in the shaft i5 in a manner hereinbefore described. When the apparatus is lowered into the well and the bit I4 hits against the bottom of the well, the shear pin is sheared oh: and the apparatus is automatically in operation.

I prefer to employ relatively concentrated forms of hydrogen peroxide. At present it w possible to purchase 98 per cent hydrogen peroxide, the other 2 per cent consisting of water and various wellknown materials which inhibit the decomposition of the peroxide. I find, however, that valuable results can be obtained as long as the solution employed contains at least 76 per cent by weight of hydrogen peroxide. Seventy per cent hydrogen peroxide can release about 4300 times its volume ofhot steam and gaseous oxygen when suitably contacted with a catalyst, and the 98 per cent peroxide will evolve even larger volumes of gas. The injection of the peroxide into the decomposition chamber 58 is closely controlled by the injection apparatus described above.

The above-described drilling for illustrative purposes and should not be regarded as limiting the invention, the scope of which is set forth in th following claims,

Having described my invention, I claim:

1. An earth boring drill for drilling deep wells comprising, in combination, a body member having a fluid-tight reservoir attached at its upper end, a quantity of hydrogen peroxide power liquid in said reservoir, a. cylinder attached to the lower end of said body member, a conduit leading from said reservoir to said cylinder,

an exhaust port in the wall of said cylinder, said,

body member, reservoir and cylinder being disposed along a common axis and being adapted to be lowered into a well, a reciprocating pump in said conduit for pumping liquid from said reservoir to said cylinder, a reciprocating piston disposed operatively in said cylinder, a catalyst apparatus is given.

mounted on the head'of said piston,said catalyst being adapted to promote decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, an earth boring means secured to and actuated by said piston mounted to move relative to said cylinder, said boring means being disposed to extend into boring relation with the earth formation, a pushpin for actuating said reciprocating pump, said pushpin being actuated by said reciprocating piston and a compression spring biasing said reciprocating piston to the top of said cylinder for actuating said pushpin.

2. An earth boring drill for drilling deep wells comprising, in combination, a, body member having a fluid-tight reservoir attached at its upper end, a quantity of hydrogen peroxide power liquid in said reservoir, a cylinder attached to the lower end of said body member, a conduit leading from said reservoir to said cylinder, an exhaust vent in the wall of said cylinder, said body member, reservoir and cylinder being disposed along a common axis and being adapted to be lowered into a well, a reciprocating pump in said conduit for pumping liquid from said reservoir to said cylinder, a reciprocating spring biased piston disposed operatively in said cylinder, a catalyst mounted on the head of said spring biased piston, said catalyst being adapted to promote decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, an earth boring means secured to and actuated by said spring biased piston mounted to move relative to said cylinder, said boring means being disposed to extend into boring relation with the earth formation, a pushpin for actuating said reciprocating pump, said pushpin being actuated by said spring biased piston and said spring of said spring biased piston biasing said piston at the upper end of its stroke to actuate said pushpins.

3. An earth boring drill for drilling deep wells comprising, in combination, a body member having a fluid-tight reservoir attached at its upper end, a quantity of hydrogen peroxide power liquid in said reservoir, a cylinder attached to the lower end of said body member, a conduit leading from said reservoir to said cylinder, an exhaust vent in the wall of said cylinder, said body member, reservoir and cylinder being disposed along a common axis and being adapted to be lowered into a well, a reciprocating pump in said conduit for pumping liquid from said reservoir to said cylinder, said reciprocating pump comprising a spring loaded first piston attached to one end of a pushpin and the other end of said pushpin extending through said body member into said cylinder, a reciprocating spring biased piston disposed operatively in said cylinder, a catalyst mounted on the head of said spring biased piston, said catalyst being adapted to promote decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, an earth boring means secured to and actuated by said spring biased piston mounted to move relative to said cylinder, said boring means being disposed to extend into boring relation with the earth formation, said spring biased piston being so disposed with respect to said other end of said pushpin that said second piston contacts said pushpin at a point near the upper end of the piston stroke to actuate said reciprocating pump means, and,

said spring of said spring biased piston biasing said piston at the upper end of its stroke to actuate said pump.

4. An earth boring drill for drilling deep wells comprising, in combination, a body member having a pair of fluid-tight reservoirs attached at its upper end and a cylinder attached at its lower end, a quantity of hydrogen peroxide in one of said reservoirs, a quantity of'hydrocarbon fuel in the other of said reservoirs, a first'conduit lead ing from one of said reservoirs to said cylinder, a second conduit leading from the othe of said reservoirs to said cylinder, an exhaust vent in the wall of said cylinder, said reservoirs, body member and cylinder, being disposed along a common axis and being adapted to be lowered into a well, a first reciprocating pump in said first conduit for pumping liquid from one of said reservoirs to said cylinder, a second reciprocating pump in said second conduit for pumping liquid from said other reservoir to said cylinder, a reciprocating piston disposed operatively in said cylinder, a catalyst mounted on the head of said piston, said catalyst being adapted to promote decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, an earth boring means secured to and actuated by said piston mounted to move relative to said cylinder,

said boring means being disposed to extend into boring relation with the earth formation, a first pushpin for actuating said first pump, a second pushpin for actuating said second pump, said pushpins being actuated by said reciprocating piston, and a. compression spring biasing said reciprocating piston to the top of said cylinder for actuating said pushpins.

5. An earth boring drill for drilling deep wells comprising, in combination, a body member having a pair of fluid-tight reservoirs attached at its upper end and a cylinder attached at its lower end, a, quantity of hydrogen peroxide in one of said reservoirs, a quantity of hydrocarbon fuel in the other of said reservoirs, a first conduit leading from one of said reservoirs to said cylinder, a second conduit leading from the other of said reservoirs to said cylinder, an exhaust vent in the wall of said cylinder, said reservoirs,

body member and cylinder being disposed along a common axis and being adapted to be lowered into a well, a first reciprocating pump in said first conduit for pumping liquid from said one reservoir to said cylinder, a second reciprocating pump in said second conduit for pumping liquid from said other reservoir to said cylinder, a re-- ciprocating spring biased piston disposed operatively in said cylinder, a catalyst mounted on the head of said spring biased piston, said catalyst being adapted to promote decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, an earth boring means secured to and actuated by said spring biased piston, mounted to move relative to said cylinder, said boring means being disposed to extend into boring relation with the earth formation, a first pushpin for actuating said first pump, a second pushpin for actuating said second pump, said pushpins being actuated by said reciprocating piston, said spring of said spring biased piston biasing said piston at the upper end of its stroke to actuate said pushpins.

6. An earth boring drill for drilling deep wells comprising, in combination, a body member having a pair of fluid-tight reservoirs attached at.

its upper end and a cylinder attached at its lower end, a quantity of hydrogen peroxide in one of said reservoirs, a quantity of hydrocarbon fuel in the other of said reservoirs, a first conduit connecting one of said reservoirs with said cylinder, a second conduit connecting the other reservoir with said cylinder, an exhaust vent in the wall of said cylinder, said reservoirs, body member and cylinder being disposed along a common axis and.

being adapted to be lowered into a well, a first reciprocating. pump in said first conduit for pumping liquid from said one reservoir to said cylinder, a second reciprocating pump in said second conduit; for pumping liquid from said other reservoir to said cylinder, each of said reciprocating pumps comprising a spring loaded piston attached at one end of separate pushpins and the other end of said pushpins extending through said body member into said cylinder, a reciprocating spring biased piston disposed operatively in said cylinder, a catalyst mounted on the head of said spring biased piston, said catalyst being adapted to promote decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, an earth boring means secured to and actuated by said spring biased piston mounted to move relative to said cylinder, said boring means being disposed to extend into boring relation with the earth formation, said spring of said spring biased piston biasing said piston at the upper end of its stroke and said spring biased piston being so disposed with respect to said other end of said pushpins that said spring biased piston contacts said pushpins at a point near the upper end of its stroke to actuate said first and second reciprocating pumps.

7. An advancing motor earth boring drill comprising in combination a housing, means for lowering and supporting said housing adjacent the bottom of an earth bore, a tank secured to said housing for containing catalytically decomposable fuel, an expansible chamber internal combustion motor comprising a, cylinder and a piston said cylinder, one of said cylinder and piston members being secured to other member having a drill bit secured thereto, a catalyst member positioned on one of said cylinder and piston members in said expansible chamber of said motor adapted to decompose said fuel, means adapted and disposed to bias said piston relative to said cylinders to reduce the volume of said expansible chamber and to be overcome by gas pressure therein due to said decomposition of said fuel, and means to inject fuel from said tank into said chamber into contact with said catalyst when said piston reduces the volume of said chamber to a predetermined value.

8. The combination of claim 7 in which the fuel is hydrogen peroxide.

PAUL G. CARPENTER.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS OTHER REFERENCES Industrial Bulletin of Arthur D. Little, Inc., No. 220, Apr. 1946. 

1. AN EARTH BORING DRILL FOR DRILLING DEEP WELLS COMPRISING, IN COMBINATION, A BODY MEMBER HAVING A FLUID-TIGHT RESERVOIR ATTACHED AT ITS UPPER END, A QUANTITY OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE POWER LIQUID IN SAID RESERVOIR, A CYLINDER ATTACHED TO THE LOWER END OF SAID BODY MEMBER A CONDUIT LEADING FROM SAID RESERVOIR TO SAID CYLINDER, AN EXHAUST PORT IN THE WALL OF SAID CYLINDER, SAID BODY MEMBER, RESERVOIR AND CYLINDER BEING DISPOSED ALONG A COMMON AXIS AND BEING ADAPTED TO BE LOWERED INTO A WELL, A RECIPROCATING PUMP IN SAID CONDUIT FOR PUMPING LIQUID FROM SAID RESERVOIR TO SAID CYLINDER, A RECIPROCATING PISTON DISPOSED OPERATIVELY IN SAID CYLINDER A CATALYST MOUNTED ON THE HEAD OF SAID PISTON, SAID CATALYST BEING ADAPTED TO PROMOTE DECOMPOSITION OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE, AN EARTH BORING MEANS SECURED TO AND ACTUATED BY SAID PISTON MOUNTED TO MOVE RELATIVE TO SAID CYLINDER, SAID BORING MEANS BEING DISPOSED TO EXTEND INTO BORING RELATION WITH THE EARTH FORMATION, A PUSHPIN FOR ACTUATING SAID RECIPROCATING PUMP, SAID PUSHPIN BEING ACTUATED BY SAID RECIPROCATING PISTON AND A COMPRESSIONP SPRING BIASING SAID RECIPROCATING PISTON TO THE TOP OF SAID CYLINDER FOR ACTUATING SAID PUSHPIN 